Disease (রোগ ) and Concept of Disease (7641)

Diploma in medical Technology 4th Semester all Technology under Bangladesh Technical Education Board.

Disease (রোগ )

Definition: - maladjustment of human organism to the environment is called disease. cÖwZK~j cwi‡e‡k gvbe‡`n Lvc LvIqv‡Z bv cvi‡j Zvi d‡j gvbe‡`‡n †h cÖfve c‡o Zv‡K †ivM ev disease e‡j|

Natural history of disease:-

Definition: - It is the way in which disease pass the time from the pre-pathogenesis phase to its termination (last of the pathogenesis phase). Bnv Ggb GKwU cÖwµqv hvi gva¨‡g †ivM wcÖc¨v_‡R‡bwmm ch©vq †_‡K c¨v_‡R‡bwmm †kl nq|

Phase: - 2 phases :- 1) Pre-pathogenesis phase. 2) Pathogenesis phase.

Pre-pathogeneses phase: - It is the period before beginning of disease. GwU †ivM ïi“I c~e©ve¯’v| Agent, host, environment are isolated. GLv‡b Agent ‡ivM m„wóKvix, host gvbe‡`n, environment cwi‡ek| Giv ci¯úi mnve¯’v‡b _v‡K wKš‘ G‡K A‡b¨i Dci †Kvb cÖfve †d‡jbv|

Pathogenesis phase: - It is time after the beginning of diseases. GwU †ivM ïi“I c‡ii Ae¯’v| Agent, host and environment interact with each other. GLv‡b Agent, host and environment mnve¯’vb Gi cvkvcvwk G‡K A‡b¨I Dci mivmwi cÖfve we¯Ívi K‡i| Diseases is terminated by recovery, disability or death. G Ae¯’v †_‡K †ivM cy‡ivcywi fvj n‡q hvq, †jvKwU Amg_© n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i, ev Zvi g„Zz¨I n‡Z cv‡i|

Classification of disease: -

1) Communicable disease- msµvgK †ivM| 2) Non-communicable disease-AmsµvgK †ivM|

Communicable disease: - The disease which can be transmitted from one person to another person by air, dust, water, food etc. is known as communicable disease.( ‡h †ivM GKR‡bi kixi †_‡K evZvm, cvwb, Lv`¨ ev a~jv evwji gva¨‡g Ab¨R‡bi Qov‡Z cv‡I Zv‡K msµvgK †ivM e‡j|) †hgb t- a) Tuberculasis-h¶v| b) Malaria-g¨vjvwiqv| c) Diarrhea-Wvqwiqv| d) Palio-‡cvwjI| e) Tetanus-wU‡Ubvm|

Non-communicable disease: - The disease which can not be transmitted from one person to another person is known as non-communicable disease. ( ‡h ‡ivM GKR‡bi †`n †_‡K Ab¨ R‡bi †`‡n Qvovqbv Z‡K AmsµvgK †ivM e‡j|) †hgb t- a) Diabetes mellitus-Wvqv‡ewUm| b) Blindness-AÜZ¡|

c) Hypertension-D”P i³Pvc| d) Stroke-‡÷ªvK| e) Cancer-K¨vÝvi|

Concept of disease

Theories of causation of the disease: - ‡iv‡Mi KviY m¤úwK©Z gZev`|

A) Old theories: - From beginning of science to the time of a scientist name Louis Pasteur.

K) cyivZb gZev` t- weÁv‡bi hvÎv †_‡K ïi“ K‡i jyB cv¯‘i bvgK weÁvbxi mgq ch©šÍ|

1) Supernatural theory- Disease is caused by Jeen, God of health.

1) A‡jŠwKK gZev`- Rxb,f~Z,†`eZvi Kvi‡Y †ivM nq|

2) Theory of humors- Disease is due to body fluid e.g.:- blood.

2) kvixixK im gZev`- wewfbœ kvixixi i‡mi Kvi‡Y †ivM nq, †hgb t- i³|

3) Concept of contagion- Disease occurs due to contact between 2 persons.

3) ¯úk© gZev`- gvby‡li ¯ú‡k©i Kvi‡Y †ivM nq|

4) Miasmatic theory- Disease is due to bad air comes form water.

4) `~wlZ evqy gZev`- Rjkq †_‡K Avmv `~wlZ evZv‡mi Kvi‡Y †ivM nq|

5) Theory of spontaneous generation- Disease occurs spontaneously.

5) ¯^Ztù~Z©fv‡e m„wó gZev`- ¯^Ztù~Z©fv‡e †ivM m„wó nq|

B) Modern theories: - From Louis Pasteur to now-a-days.

L) AvaywbK/bZzb gZev` t- jyB cv¯‘‡ii mgq †_‡K eZ©gvb mgq ch©šÍ|

1) Germ theory- organism enters human body and produce disease.

1) Rxevby ZË¡- Rxevby gvby‡li kix‡I cÖ‡ek K‡I †ivM m„wó K‡i|

2) Epidemiological triad theory- A harmful agent comes to a susceptible host in proper environment and produces disease.

2) †ivMZË¡RwbZ wµfyR gZev`- ¶wZKi Drm Dchy³ cwi‡e‡k SzuwKc~Y© gvby‡li kix‡I cÖ‡ek K‡i †ivM m„wó K‡i|

3) Web causation- complex relation betweens many factors.

3) Rvj ZË¡- wewfbœ cÖKv‡ii cÖfve‡Ki Af¨šÍ‡ii RwUj m¤ú‡K©I Ki‡Y †ivM nq|

4) Multifactorial causation- Multiple factors responsible for the causation of disease.

4) eûcÖfveK gZev`- GKwU †iv‡Mi A‡bK KviY _vK‡Z cv‡i|